Electro-magnetic bell



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W HUMANS ELECTED MAGNETIG BELL.

No. 889.080. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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W HUMANS ELEOTRO MAGNETIC BELL.

No. 389,089.\ Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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W. HUMANS. ELECTROMAGNETIC BELL. No. 389,080. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ILL-1AM HUMANS, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN MAGNETIC ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW

JERSEY.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BELL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 389.080, datedseptember1888.

Application filed July 23, 1885.

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM HUMANS, of Cambridge, in the county ofMiddlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a newElective-Magnetic Bell, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part hereof,in which- Figure l is a plan of one of my bells. Fig.

I3 2 is a section on line a: a: of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 1,but on a smaller scale to show the box or case. Fig. 4 shows the case ona metal stand, the bell-posts being adjustable on the stand. Figs. and 6show (in plan and section) one of my instruments with but one hellinstead of two. Fig. '7 is a diagram for illustration. Fig. 8 is amodification. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are details explained below.

My invention relates to the combination of a magnet and an armature ofthe well-known Siemens type, and an arm which is attached to or moveswith the armature. This arm may carry a hellhammer or may be connectedto a lever-rod or the like. In the drawings and in this description Ishow my new combination as used to sound a hell; but it will be clearthat the main feature of my invention is not restricted in this way.

In the drawings, A A represent the poles of a magnet, B, which for usein a bell is preferably a permanent magnet.

C is an armature of the Siemens pattern, and b b are pole-pieces,preferably of softiron, fast to the poles A A, and shaped to correspondwith the armature in the usual way. The armature C is supported on anaxis, as will be clear from the drawings without further description,these parts being all well known to all skilled in this art.

My invention consists, mainly, in combining with these elements an arm(marked F) which projects from the armature C or from its axis, andwhich is shown in the drawings 5 as a helLhammer, this arm beingreciprocated as reverse currents are sent through the coil of thearmature.

My invention further consists in the combi- Serial No. 172,431. (Nomodel.)

nation of two magnets and two armatures each with a coil around it,these two coils being in one circuit, one of the armatures adapted to berotated on its axis, and the other to be oscillated on its axis by thecurrent generated from the first. This combination is illustrated by thediagram, Fig. 7, where It representsa magneto of the Siemens type, and Rrepresents my new instrument arranged as an electromagnetic hell. \Vithsuch an instrument the revolution of the armature of R will give a rapidvibration to the arm F of the arma- 6o ture of It suflicient to give asound fully equal to that of any electric bell known to me.

It will be seen that the distinguishing char acteristic of both thesefeatures of my invention is the arm F, in combination with theoscillating armature and its magnet, one advantage being the utilizationof very feeble cur rents, another being the ready increase of power (toovercome resistance of the line) by simply adding magnets, and a thirdbeing the great simplicity, cheapness, and durability. All othermagneto-bells known to me require very accurate adjustment and arewholly in operative with such currents as I use, unless the quantity ofwire used beconsiderably more than is necessary in my instrument, theincreased quantity of wire increasing the cost and also the resistance.I am, in fact, the first, so far as I know or believe, to arrange anarmature whose pole-surfaces are segments of a cylinder, so that thesesegments stand normally with their angles, and that part of the coilbetween them next the poles of the magnet, and to move such an armatureon its geometrical aXis from its normal position by po- 8 5 larizing itby the passage of a current through its coil.

I connect the coil on the armature with the line-wire by means of alight hair-spring between the line-wire and the end of thearmatare-coil, substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and 10. In Fig. 5 theinner end of the covered wire which forms the coil of the armature isbared and wound tight upon the crosspiece or core of the armature, so asto make a good 5 contact, while the out-er end of the coil (shown on theleft of Fig. 5) is passed through a small hole in an insulating-sleeve,t, on the arbor of the armature and forms a coil, to, around thatsleeve, the coil being slightly unwound or relaxed when the armaturemoves in one direction and made slightly tense when the arniature movesin the other direction. The outer end of the coil is connected with abindingpost, K, or the like. This wire to, for convenience, is firmlyclamped at K, and a stouter wire leads from k to K, care being taken tomake good contact between the st-outer wire and the wire w. The wire tomust be considerably longer than the distance between the clamp K andthe point where it joins the coil; and while it is preferably in theform of a coil, as shown, it may of course be in the form of an ox-bowor any like form which will permit the armature to move freely on itsaxis, the main purpose being to obtain a far better con nection than ispossible when the armaturecoil is connected to wire by a bearing-spring,as is the ordinary way, and as shown in Fig. 7, for in connections ofthis class the spring must bear upon the shaft or upon the metallicsleeve insulated from the shaft with such force as to createconsiderable friction, and this is wholly avoided by this construction,while the current is nowhere compelled to pass between two surfaceswhich are constantly rubbing together. It will be clear that the otherend of the armature coil may be connected to line in the same way; but Iprefer-to connect the inner end of the wire to to the shaft, for as theshaft is connected by a brass plate to the armature and as the inner endof the coil is in contact with the core of the armature, as alreadydescribed, it will be plain that the shaft is in substance, for allpurposes of passing the current, the inner end of the coil.

I prefer that the wires 10 10' shall be in the form of a coil, as shownin Fig. 5, or helix, as in Fig. 10, and that they be reversely curved,so that one shall balance the other accurately.

In Figs. 9 and 10 the wires 10 w are hairsprings, and w is fast at itsinner end to a metal sleeve, 2., insulated fromthe shaft of thearmature, while 10 is fast at its inner end to the shaft of thearmature, as shown in detail in Figs. 9 and 10.

WVhere two bells are used,as in all the figures except Figs, 5 and 6,each bell acts as a stop to limit the movement of the arm F, and thebells are therefore preferably made adjustable by mounting the post g onan adjustable base, as clearly shown in Figs. 4,11, and 12. The bellpostq is mounted on a lever, 12, the position of this lever being readilyadjusted by means of the slot 19 and a binding-screw, as clearly shownin Fig. 4 and Fig. 11, which is a section on line 1 2 of Fig. 4; or abase with the post q fast to it (see Fig. 12) may be held to thebedpiece by two screw-bolts which pass through a slot in the bed-piece.

To give greater firmness to the bell-post, I form a slot, 0, in thebed-piece, as shown in Figs. 4 and 11, and use a second screw,-by

which the lever 19 and post 1 are firmly clamped to the bed-pieee.

The bell may be used as a stop for the arm F, as distinguished fromusing a stop to limit the motion of the armature and a spring-wire forthe arm, as in common electro magnetic bellsthat is to say, in all otherbells known to me the blow of the hammer on the bell takes place afterthe motion of the armature is stopped, the momentum of the knob slightlybending the arm in order that the knob may strike the bell, theadjustment being so nicely made that the knob would never strike thehell were the arm carrying the knob abso lutely rigid, the operationbeing to arrest the armature or its arm. just before the knob on the armwould strike the bell, and so that the momentum of that knob springs thearm, thereby giving a short sharp blow, and the spring of the arm beingan essential element, for as the knob moves forward against the springof the arm to strike, it is consequently pulled back by the spring ofthe arm to prevent damping the sound of the bell. This is one of thenicest adjustments required in the practical manufacture of allsuchbells known to me, requiring skilled labor and great care, adding muchto the expense of construction, and being especially liable to get outof order. By limiting the stroke of the armature by the contact of theknob with the bell I do away with all this niccty of adjustment and alsogreatly increase the effective force of the blow, and yet retract theknob quickly enough to prevent damping the sound, for the armature in mydevice is always in a strong magnetic field, and the action of thecurrent on that field is quite as rapid as is the spring action of thearm in the ordinary bell. \Vhen but a single bell is used, as in Figs. 5and 6, I use a spring, m, arranged in the path of the arm F, and whichis deflected when the arm is moved away from the bell, and whichconsequently adds additional force to the blow of the knob carried byarm F on the bell. This is fully shown in Figs. 5 and 6, where m is thespring and m is its adjustable base.

The poles g of the armature (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 8) will beprevented from coming in contact with the pole-pieces b by the knob.

of arm F striking the bells; but when for any reason the bells are notin place and there is no equivalent stop these poles 9 should havebrass-wire stops 25, inserted in the usual way,

in order to prevent adhesion to the poles b of the magnet.

In practice it is well to use a counter-weight, m, especially when thearm f is horizontal and the axis of the armature is also horizontal.

When set up for use, the line is connected by one binding-screw, K, andthis binding screw is connected to the clamp K, which is insulated fromthe magnet. This clamp Kis in electric connection with the wire 10,which is insulated from the shaft of the armature, but in electricconnection with one end of the coil of the armature. The other end ofthe armaturecoil is connected to wire 20, which is held by clamp K andclamp K is electrically connected to binding-post K In Figs. 5, 6, and 8I show two magnets with like pole to like pole, but forming aparallelogram, while in the other figures the mag nets are compounded inthe usual way, one being laid directly on the other.

In Fig. 8 the polepieces form part of the frame by which the armatureand its shaft are supported.

In all the figures except Fig. 8 I show the magnets in a case; but inFigs. 5 and 6, and also in Fig. 8, I show imperfectly a valuable noveltyof construction-to wit, making the magnets themselves so as to form thecase. This forms the subject-matter of another application, Serial No.172,432.

I am aware of the patent to lVeston, No. 301,028, dated June 24, 1884,and disclaim all that is shown in that patent, for it will be seen thatthe armature described in that patent is radically unlike that used byme, in that it has a series of coils connected in a wellknown way to thesegments of the commutator, while my armature has asingle coil forming aportion of the circuit.

I am also aware of the magneto inductionlcey described in PrescottsElectricity and the Electric Telegraph, page 503, and disclaim alltherein shown.

I am also aware of patents to Gary, Nos. 240,692 and 240698, dated April26, 1881, also No. 250,012, dated November 22, 1881; but in thesepatents the armature with its coil is made fast to a rod, which rod ismounted on an axis, so that the armature does not move at all upon itsown axis, but moves bodily with the rod towai d and from the poles ofthe magnet.

I am also aware of the patent to \Vatson, No. 233,899, dated November 2,1880, in which a polarized armature is shown polarized by means of apermanentmagnet; but its poles are not cylindrical, nor does it carry acoil, nor is it in any respect like the armature of my instrument,except in its function of cansing the bell-hammer to strike the bell. My

instrument differs from all other signals and call-bells with polarizedarmaturcs, not only in that it is more compact and simple, (con sistingof only three elements combined with the bell and its hammer or othersignal--viz.,

the permanent magnet, polarized armature, and its coilinstead of fou r,as in Watson-via, the polarized armature, the permanent magnet, thecoil, and the core of the electro-magnet-,) but also in that themagnetic attraction and repulsion is exerted to vastly more advantageupon my cylindrical armature placed between the poles of the permanentmagnet than it can be upon an armature which extends across the poles,as in the ordinary callbells, and also in theinstrument shown in theGary patents. This is indeed the main difference between my instrumentand all others, and upon this difference depends the very greatadvantages of my instrument over all signaling instruments known to me.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is- 1. In combination, the armature havingthe surface of its poles cylindrical, its coil between its cylindricalpole-surfaces, its shaft coincident with the geometrical axis of thecylindrical surfaces of the armature, an arm fast in relation to thearmature, a permanent magnet, and a circuit of which the arn'iatnre-coilforms a part, the armature standing normally with the angles of itssegmental pole-pieces and that part of the coil between them next thepoles of the magnet and moving to one or the other side of its normalposition, according to the direction of the current through its coil,all substantially as described.

2. The electro magnetic bell above described, consisting of thepermanent magnet, the armature with its pole-surfaces cylindrical, itsshaft coincident with the geometrical axis of the cylindrical surfacesof the armature, its coil between its poles, the arm F, and the bell,combined together substantially as shown.

3. The eleetro magnetic bell above described, consisting of thepermanent magnet, the armature with its pole-surfaces cylindrical, itsshaft coincident with the geometrical axis of the cylindrical surfacesof the armature, its coil between its poles, the arm F and two bells,combined together substantially as shown.

WILLIAM HUMANS.

Vi tncsses:

J. E. DIAYNADIER, JOHN R. Snow.

